Introduction to Data Processing in IoT
With the enormous rise in urbanization, big cities have been drivers of economic growth and magnets for talent. As urbanization grows daily, cities face unemployment problems, the need for energy efficiency is becoming urgent, and urban infrastructure is putting more pressure on population growth. Disruptive digital technologies can solve these kinds of challenges. Most of the essential drivers for this are disruptive technologies.
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Consequently, urban areas transform into smart cities with intelligent traffic lights, smart hospitals, innovative hospitality, and many more. The second significant driver is data, which is the lifeblood of clever solutions. The leading challenge developers face is a lack of awareness of using data to create innovative solutions for their citizens that fulfil their real needs.
Creative Solutions are mainly related to human behaviour. The last main ingredient of smart cities is smart people. Focusing on employment and winning the 'war on talent' is essential for significant economic growth.
What are the trends of Smart City in the coming years?
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In 2015,55.6% of the world's population lived in urban areas, or around 3.3 billion people, living in urban areas.
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By 2030, around 62.1% of the population will live in urban areas, so urbanization requires innovative technology initiatives to drive growth.
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Rapid urbanization in developed countries inextricably relates to city growth and economic development.
Data Processing Architecture for Smart City
Described below is the architecture of Data Processing in IoT for smart cities.
Data Sources
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It collects data from smart devices, environmental sensors, smartphones, and intelligent vehicles.
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Data collection gathers data from different bright city sources, including intelligent sensing devices, environmental sensors, wearable devices, smartphones, intelligent vehicles, etc. These are ubiquitous wireless sensor networks, ad hoc mobile networks, IoT networks, vehicle-to-everything networks, etc.
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These data sources are quite heterogeneous in terms of their data volume, data structure, data sort, data quality, and data representation requirements.
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Therefore, we need an effective mechanism for efficiently using such data. Feeding data into decision-making supports a smart city's advanced applications and services.
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Besides, the raw data obtained from heterogeneous devices is often contaminated, so having a robust data preprocessing mechanism is essential.
Data Storage
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Data collected can be stored in a cloud data centre or near data sources at the edge. Conveniently processing data takes place in a near-real-time manner to support low-latency applications and services, such as traffic light control.
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Also, we can easily use cloud data to support large-scale and long-term applications.
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For example, data collected from environmental sensors can be stored in the cloud and used for environmental monitoring applications.
Data Analytics
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Data analytics helps extract helpful information to support compelling applications and services in a smart city.
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According to the requirements, we can implement data analytics near-real-time or in an offline manner.
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Developers have various approaches for analyzing the data created by innovative city applications. They can prefer machine learning techniques that help big data analytics.
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The authors analyze various machine learning techniques in the context of data analytics and data security in a smart city.
Data Application
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In this layer, the approved workers will use applications to control and track the smart city.
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These apps rely on the data extracted from the data analytics layer and assist the local authority in making a global decision.
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The smart city has several applications, including real-time and non-real-time applications, such as intelligent lighting control, intelligent traffic light management, innovative transport systems, environmental monitoring systems, waste collection systems, and waste management systems.
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What are the Factors that influence Smart Cities?
Safer Communities
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A safer town is a smart community. Technological advancements and the pursuit of private/public collaborations minimize criminal pastimes.
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Technologies comprising license plates, gunshot detectors, associated crime centres, and frame cameras give law enforcement an advantage during the assignment.
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Increased Digital Equity
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Technology in smart cities can create a more equitable world for people. Individuals may have to get entry to high-speed Internet networks and devices that are too low-priced to render such digital fairness.
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Strategically located in a region, public Wi-Fi hotspots will give all people secure net offerings.
Improved Transportation
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Technologies such as wise visitor metrics maximize visitors' movement on site, relieving congestion at peak tour hours. Other smart transportation innovations, including smart parking control, allow cities to capitalize on additional revenue sources.
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Reduced congestion, self-reliant vehicle growth, and green vehicle routing all reduce urban areas' automotive-related area desires, potentially increasing land use for development.
New financial growth possibility
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Many organizations are partnering with neighbouring governments to spend tens of millions of greenbacks on the smart cities' facilities and programs. Smart city investments play an increasingly important role in boosting local and global competitiveness to attract new people and organizations.
Specific Use Cases of Smart City
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24.7 percent CAGR (compound annual growth rate) is expected to register from 2020 to 2025.
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The idea of smart cities has also attracted rising attention with the growing awareness of 'smart everything,' which is the end product of all intermediary technologies.
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As we can observe from the graph below, demand for smart cities is increasing rapidly, and people are also becoming smart daily.
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Use Cases of Smart City
Highlighted below are the Use Cases of Smart City
Smart Hospitality
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IoT sensor data can help expose patterns of how people use transport. Public transit operators can use this knowledge to improve the travel experience and achieve higher protection and punctuality.
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Innovative public transport solutions can integrate several sources, such as ticket sales and traffic statistics, to perform a more sophisticated analysis.
Waste Management in Smart Factory
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In compliance with predefined schedules, most waste collection operators clear the containers.
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This method is not very successful since it contributes to the unproductive use of waste containers and excessive fuel use by trucks collecting waste.
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IoT-enabled smart city technologies help refine waste collection schedules by controlling waste levels, optimizing routes, and delivering operational analytics.
Road Traffic
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Ensure safe and efficient arrival of residents from point A to point B.
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Municipalities turn to IoT production and incorporate innovative traffic solutions to accomplish this.
Smart Parking
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Smart parking solutions assess whether parking spaces are filled or accessible and create a real-time parking map using GPS data from drivers' smartphones (or road surface sensors embedded in the ground at parking spots).
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When the nearest parking spot is open, drivers get a notification and use the map to locate a parking spot quickly instead of using the map on their phones.
Public Safety
- IoT-based innovative city systems provide real-time surveillance, analytics, and decision-making tools to improve public safety.
- Public security technologies can anticipate possible crime scenes by integrating and analyzing data from acoustic sensors and CCTV cameras installed across the city with data from social media feeds.
- It will help the police to deter or effectively stop suspected suspects.
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Summary of Data Processing in IoT for Smart Cities
IoT helps in connecting cities and maintaining various public services and infrastructure. The spectrum of use cases is highly diverse, from intelligent lighting and road traffic to linked public transport and waste management. What they've got in common are the performances. IoT technologies lower energy prices, optimize natural resource usage, clean cities, and create a healthier climate. Smart cities also increase the compound annual growth rate with improved transport, smart communities, and intelligent traffic lights. As urban areas continuously grow and expand, innovative city technologies are developing to enhance sustainability and serve humanity better.
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